Because delirious patients often are confused and unable to provide accurate information, getting a detailed history from family, caregivers, and nursing staff is particularly important.

Research has shown that a form of psychotherapy that is effective for several anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder and social phobia, is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It has two components.

Cognitive disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), various dementias, epilepsy, vascular disorders and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), exert a heavy burden on sufferers, their families, and on society.